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Saturday, October 20, 2012

OSPF over Frame-Relay - Part 1



Before we begin let’s review OSPF network types and the characteristic of each one of them:

Network Type
LSA Flooding
DR/BDR Election
Timers
Neighbor Statement
Modify Next-hop
Default
Broadcast
Multicast
Yes
10/40
No
No
Ethernet
NBMA
Unicast
Yes
30/120
Yes
No
Default on Frame-Relay Physical and Point-to-Multipoint
Point-to-Point
Multicast
No
10/40
No
No
Default on Frame-Relay Point-to-Point sub-interface
Point-to-Multipoint
Multicast
No
30/120
No
Yes
Ideal for NBMA
Point-to-Multipoint Non-broadcast
Unicast
No
30/120
Yes
Yes

Loopback

No
30/120
No
No


So in this lab I will try to deal with each one of the network types and for that I will use a hub-and-spoke topology over frame-relay were R1 is the hub and R2 and R3 are the spokes.


Lab topology:

FRS is configured as frame-relay switch:
interface Serial0/0
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 clock rate 128000
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 102 interface Serial0/1 201
 frame-relay route 103 interface Serial0/2 301
!
interface Serial0/1
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 clock rate 128000
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 201 interface Serial0/0 102
!
interface Serial0/2
 no ip address
 encapsulation frame-relay
 clock rate 128000
 frame-relay lmi-type cisco
 frame-relay intf-type dce
 frame-relay route 301 interface Serial0/0 103
<OUTPUT OMMITED>


First scenario:

R1 is configured with multi-point network type over sub-interface (s0/0.123) while R2 and R3 are configured with point-to-point network type over sub-interface (s0/0.123).

After configuring OSPF on all serial interfaces for all 3 routers nothing happens.

R1 default network type for multipoint is non-broadcast:
R1#sh ip ospf interface serial 0/0.123
Serial0/0.123 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 10.1.123.1/24, Area 0
  Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.12.1, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State WAITING, Priority 1
  No designated router on this network
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 120
    Hello due in 00:00:23
    Wait time before Designated router selection 00:00:53
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

While R2 and R3 are using point-to-point network type:
R2#sh ip ospf interface serial 0/0.123
Serial0/0.123 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 10.1.123.2/24, Area 0
  Process ID 1, Router ID 192.168.22.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:07
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Also note that the timers are different, so in order to fix this I will need to change R1 network type to point-to-multipoint and to adjust the timers, to be similar to those on R2 and R3, and to configure frame-relay mapping to each router accordingly with the broadcast statement:
R1#conf t
R1(config)#int s0/0.123
R1(config-subif)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint
R1(config-subif)#ip ospf hello-interval 10
R1(config-subif)#ip ospf dead-interval 40
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 10.1.123.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 10.1.123.3 103 broadcast

And here we go:
R1#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
192.168.32.1      0   FULL/  -        00:00:32    10.1.123.3      Serial0/0.123
192.168.22.1      0   FULL/  -        00:00:31    10.1.123.2      Serial0/0.123

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